(B) Shifting of continents Explanation: Plate Tectonic Theory proposes that Earth's continents move over time due to the motion of tectonic plates. This movement is known as continental drift.

(B) 7 Explanation: Earth's lithosphere is divided into seven major tectonic plates, such as the Pacific Plate, the Eurasian Plate, and the African Plate.

(B) Divergent boundary Explanation: A divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other. It leads to the creation of new crust, typically through volcanic activity, as magma rises to fill the gap.

(A) Convergent boundary Explanation: A convergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates collide. This collision can lead to the uplifting of crustal material, creating mountain ranges.

(B) Plate subduction Explanation: Plate subduction occurs when one tectonic plate is forced beneath another, and it often leads to intense seismic activity and the formation of earthquakes.

(D) Subduction boundary Explanation: Subduction boundaries are where one tectonic plate moves under another, forming deep ocean trenches in the process.

(D) Alfred Wegener Explanation: Alfred Wegener proposed the theory of continental drift in the early 20th century, suggesting that continents were once connected and have since drifted apart.

(B) Rift valleys Explanation: At divergent boundaries on land, rift valleys are formed as the crust stretches and pulls apart.

(D) Transform faulting Explanation: Transform faulting occurs when two tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other along a transform boundary.

(D) Subduction boundary Explanation: Subduction boundaries often result in the formation of volcanic island arcs due to the melting of the subducted plate and subsequent volcanic activity.

(A) Divergent boundary Explanation: Mid-ocean ridges are formed at divergent boundaries in the ocean, where tectonic plates move away from each other, and new oceanic crust is created through volcanic activity.

(D) Mantle convection Explanation: The movement of tectonic plates is mainly driven by mantle convection, where the hot material in the Earth's mantle rises, cools, and sinks, causing the plates to move.

(A) Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate Explanation: The Himalayan mountain range was formed due to the collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate at a convergent boundary.

(C) Subduction Explanation: Subduction occurs when one tectonic plate moves beneath another, leading to the formation of deep ocean trenches.

(B) Convergent boundaries Explanation: The "Ring of Fire" primarily encircles convergent boundaries around the Pacific Plate, where intense tectonic activity occurs, resulting in volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.

Plate Tectonic Theory – Important MCQ

16. Which type of tectonic boundary is associated with the San Andreas Fault in California, USA?

(A) Divergent boundary
(B) Convergent boundary
(C) Transform boundary
(D) Subduction boundary

(C) Transform boundary
Explanation: The San Andreas Fault is an example of a transform boundary, where the Pacific Plate and North American Plate slide horizontally past each other.

17. What type of rocks are most commonly formed at divergent boundaries?

(A) Igneous rocks
(B) Sedimentary rocks
(C) Metamorphic rocks
(D) Fossiliferous rocks

(A) Igneous rocks
Explanation: Divergent boundaries are associated with volcanic activity, leading to the formation of igneous rocks as lava cools and solidifies.

18. The process of seafloor spreading occurs at:

(A) Convergent boundaries
(B) Divergent boundaries
(C) Transform boundaries
(D) Subduction boundaries

(B) Divergent boundaries
Explanation: Seafloor spreading takes place at divergent boundaries, where tectonic plates move away from each other, leading to the creation of new oceanic crust.

19. The Wilson Cycle explains the opening and closing of oceans over geological time. Which tectonic process is responsible for the closing of oceans?

(A) Continental drift
(B) Subduction
(C) Mantle convection
(D) Seafloor spreading

(B) Subduction
Explanation: The closing of oceans occurs due to subduction, where one tectonic plate is forced beneath another, leading to the consumption of oceanic crust.

20. The supercontinent that existed around 300 million years ago and subsequently broke apart was named:

(A) Pangea
(B) Gondwana
(C) Laurasia
(D) Rodinia

(A) Pangea
Explanation: Pangea was the supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras, before breaking apart into the continents we recognize today.

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Plate Tectonic Theory – Important MCQ

16. Which type of tectonic boundary is associated with the San Andreas Fault in California, USA?

17. What type of rocks are most commonly formed at divergent boundaries?

18. The process of seafloor spreading occurs at:

19. The Wilson Cycle explains the opening and closing of oceans over geological time. Which tectonic process is responsible for the closing of oceans?

20. The supercontinent that existed around 300 million years ago and subsequently broke apart was named:

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