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(A) Jupiter Explanation: Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. It is more than 11 times the diameter of Earth and has a mass more than 300 times that of Earth.

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(B) Mercury Explanation: Mercury is the smallest planet in our solar system, with a diameter of about 4,880 km. Although Pluto was once considered the smallest planet, it was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006.

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(C) Pluto Explanation: Pluto is classified as a "dwarf planet" in our solar system. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) redefined the definition of a planet, and Pluto did not meet the criteria, leading to its reclassification.

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(A) Venus Explanation: Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system, with an average surface temperature of 864 degrees Fahrenheit (462 degrees Celsius). It has an extremely dense atmosphere that traps heat, creating a runaway greenhouse effect, making it hotter than Mercury despite being farther from the Sun.

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(C) Mercury Explanation: Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, with an average distance of about 57.9 million kilo meters (36 million miles).

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(D) Uranus Explanation: Uranus is the coldest planet in our solar system, with an average surface temperature of -374 degrees Fahrenheit (-224 degrees Celsius). The reason for the lesser temperature than the farthest planet Neptune is still unknown.

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(A) Venus Explanation: Venus is the brightest planet in our solar system. It can be seen from Earth, shining brightly just before sunrise and just after sunset.

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(C) Earth Explanation: Earth has the highest density among the planets in our solar system. Its high density is due to its rocky composition and a relatively large iron-nickel core.

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(D) Mercury Explanation: Mercury has the shortest day in our solar system. It takes about 59 Earth days to complete one rotation on its axis.

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(B) Venus Explanation: Venus has the longest day of any planet in the solar system, taking about 243 Earth days to complete one rotation on its axis, which is longer than its year (225 Earth days).

Question 1

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(A) Jupiter
Explanation: Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. It is more than 11 times the diameter of Earth and has a mass more than 300 times that of Earth.

Question 2

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(B) Mercury
Explanation: Mercury is the smallest planet in our solar system, with a diameter of about 4,880 km. Although Pluto was once considered the smallest planet, it was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006.

Question 3

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(C) Pluto
Explanation: Pluto is classified as a "dwarf planet" in our solar system. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) redefined the definition of a planet, and Pluto did not meet the criteria, leading to its reclassification.

Question 4

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(A) Venus
Explanation: Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system, with an average surface temperature of 864 degrees Fahrenheit (462 degrees Celsius). It has an extremely dense atmosphere that traps heat, creating a runaway greenhouse effect, making it hotter than Mercury despite being farther from the Sun.

Question 5

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(C) Mercury
Explanation: Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, with an average distance of about 57.9 million kilo meters (36 million miles).

Question 6

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(D) Uranus
Explanation: Uranus is the coldest planet in our solar system, with an average surface temperature of -374 degrees Fahrenheit (-224 degrees Celsius). The reason for the lesser temperature than the farthest planet Neptune is still unknown.

Question 7

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(A) Venus
Explanation: Venus is the brightest planet in our solar system. It can be seen from Earth, shining brightly just before sunrise and just after sunset.

Question 8

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(C) Earth
Explanation: Earth has the highest density among the planets in our solar system. Its high density is due to its rocky composition and a relatively large iron-nickel core.

Question 9

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(D) Mercury
Explanation: Mercury has the shortest day in our solar system. It takes about 59 Earth days to complete one rotation on its axis.

Question 10

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(B) Venus
Explanation: Venus has the longest day of any planet in the solar system, taking about 243 Earth days to complete one rotation on its axis, which is longer than its year (225 Earth days).

Question 11

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(C) Mars
Explanation: Mars is referred to as the "Red Planet" due to its reddish appearance. The iron oxide (rust) present on its surface gives it a distinctive reddish colour.

Question 12

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(C) Earth
Explanation: Earth is known as the "blue planet" because approximately 71% of its surface is covered by water, giving it a distinctive blue appearance when viewed from space. This is primarily due to the reflection and scattering of sunlight by Earth's oceans.

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(B) Jupiter
Explanation: Jupiter is known for its prominent Great Red Spot, which is a gigantic storm that has been observed for centuries. It is a persistent anticyclonic storm larger than Earth.

Question 14

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(D) Saturn
Explanation: Saturn is known for its beautiful and prominent ring system, which is made up of countless particles of ice and dust. It is one of the most iconic features of Saturn.

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(C) Uranus
Explanation: Uranus is known for its prominent and colourful polar auroras. These auroras are caused by the interaction of charged particles with Uranus's magnetic field.

Question 16

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(C) Hydrogen
Explanation: The Sun is primarily composed of hydrogen (about 75%), which undergoes nuclear fusion to form helium and release energy, powering the Sun.

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(B) Nitrogen
Explanation: Nitrogen makes up about 78% of Earth's atmosphere, making it the most abundant gas. Oxygen is the second most abundant, comprising about 21%.

Question 18

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(D) Hydrogen and helium
Explanation: Jupiter's atmosphere is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, similar to the Sun. These gases make up about 99% of its atmosphere.

Question 19

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(B) Venus
Explanation: Venus is often referred to as Earth's "twin" because it is similar in size, mass, and composition. However, Venus has a much thicker atmosphere and extreme surface temperatures.

Question 20

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(C) Venus
Explanation: Venus is often called both the "morning star" and the "evening star" because it is the brightest object in the sky after the Sun and Moon and can be seen shining brightly just before sunrise and just after sunset, depending on its position in its orbit around the Sun.

Question 21

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(C) Mercury
Explanation: Mercury experiences extreme temperature variations, with daytime temperatures reaching up to 800°F (430°C) and nighttime temperatures plummeting to -290°F (-180°C), due to its lack of atmosphere.

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(B) Venus
Explanation: Venus's atmosphere is primarily composed of carbon dioxide (about 96.5%), with clouds of sulfuric acid, making it extremely dense and hot.

Question 23

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(C) Venus
Explanation: Venus has a day (one full rotation on its axis) that is longer than its year (one orbit around the Sun). A day on Venus lasts about 243 Earth days, while its year is about 225 Earth days.

Question 24

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(B) Venus
Explanation: Venus exhibits different phases of illumination, from full disk to partial crescent just like the moon.

Question 25

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(B) Saturn
Explanation: Saturn is known for its prominent and colourful bands of clouds. It has the most complex and extensive ring system in the solar system, consisting of seven main rings composed of ice particles, rock debris, and dust. These bands give Saturn its distinct appearance.

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(C) Water ice
Explanation: The rings of Saturn are primarily composed of water ice, with particles ranging in size from tiny grains to large boulders.

Question 27

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(B) Uranus
Explanation: Uranus has a ring system that is less prominent than Saturn's but still significant. The rings of Uranus were discovered in 1977.

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(A) Venus
Explanation: Venus has the highest atmospheric pressure among the planets in our solar system. Its thick atmosphere exerts immense pressure on the planet's surface.

Question 29

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(C) Neptune
Explanation: Neptune has the fastest winds in the solar system, with wind speeds reaching up to 1,200 miles per hour (1,930 kilo meters per hour).

Question 30

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(A) Mars
Explanation: Mars has the largest volcano in the solar system called Olympus Mons. It is about 13.6 miles (22 kilometers) high, making it the tallest volcano and three times the height of Mount Everest.

Question 31

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(A) Jupiter
Explanation: Io, the most volcanically active moon in our solar system, is one of Jupiter's moons. It has more than 400 active volcanoes due to tidal forces from Jupiter's gravity.

Question 32

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(C) Mars
Explanation: Olympus Mons on Mars is the tallest known mountain in the solar system, standing about 22 km (13.6 miles) high, nearly three times the height of Mount Everest.

Question 33

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(B) Mars
Explanation: Mars is home to Valles Marineris, the largest canyon in the solar system. It is about 4,000 km long, 200 km wide, and up to 7 km deep.

Question 34

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(D) Jupiter
Explanation: Jupiter is the heaviest planet in our solar system, having a mass more than 300 times that of Earth.

Question 35

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(D) Neptune
Explanation: Bode's empirical relationship for predicting approximate distances of the planets from the Sun does not holds for the planet Neptune.

Question 36

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(D) Jupiter
Explanation: The terrestrial planets are the planets that resemble the Earth in size and composition. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are known as terrestrial planets.

Question 37

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(C) Saturn
Explanation: The great or jovian planets are much larger than the size of Earth and are largely gaseous in composition. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are known as jovian planets.

Question 38

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(B) Venus
Explanation: Most of the planets, including our Earth, rotate about their own axis in the same sense as their orbital motion around the Sun. This type of motion is termed as prograde. Only Venus and Uranus rotate in the opposite, retrograde sense.

Question 39

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(B) Mercury
Explanation: Mercury and Venus are the only two planets in the solar system that do not have any moon.

Question 40

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(D) Ganymede
Explanation: Ganymede is the largest moon in our solar system. It is one of Jupiter's moons and is even larger than the planet Mercury.

Question 41

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(C) Titan
Explanation: Titan is the largest moon of Saturn and the second-largest moon in the solar system, larger even than the planet Mercury. It has a thick atmosphere primarily composed of nitrogen.

Question 42

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(A) Ceres
Explanation: Ceres is the largest asteroid in our solar system. It is located in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter and is classified as a dwarf planet.

Question 43

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(B) Ceres
Explanation: Ceres is the largest object in the asteroid belt and is classified as a dwarf planet. It is the only dwarf planet located in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.

Question 44

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(A) Titan
Explanation: The four largest moons of Jupiter—Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto are known as the Galilean moons as they were discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610 and are some of the largest moons in the solar system.

Question 45

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(B) 4.6 billion years
Explanation: The solar system is approximately 4.6 billion years old, formed from the gravitational collapse of a region within a large molecular cloud.

Question 46

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(A) 93 million miles
Explanation: The average distance from the Earth to the Sun is about 93 million miles (150 million kilo meters), also known as 1 Astronomical Unit (AU).

Question 47

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(B) Counterclockwise
Explanation: All planets revolve around the Sun in a counterclockwise direction when viewed above the plane of Earth's orbit which is also known as the ecliptic plane.

Question 48

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(C) The plane in which Earth's orbit around the Sun lies
Explanation: The ecliptic plane is the imaginary plane that contains Earth's orbit around the Sun. It is the basis for the apparent path of the Sun across the sky, and most planets in the solar system have orbits that are close to this plane.

Question 49

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(C) The jovian planets account for more than 99% of the mass of the solar system
Explanation: According to our solar system model, the Sun has more than 99% of the mass of the solar system and the planets account for more than 99% of the angular momentum. Jupiter is the largest and heaviest among the planets.

Question 50

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(C) A region of the solar system beyond Neptune
Explanation: The Kuiper Belt is a region of the solar system beyond Neptune, containing many small icy bodies and dwarf planets, including Pluto.

Question 51

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(B) The Moon passing directly between the Earth and the Sun
Explanation: A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes directly between the Earth and the Sun, casting a shadow on Earth and temporarily blocking the Sun's light.

Question 52

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(A) A region of comets orbiting the Sun at a great distance
Explanation: The Oort Cloud is a theoretical cloud of icy bodies that exist far beyond the orbit of Pluto, thought to be the source of long-period comets entering the inner solar system.

Question 53

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(B) A zone of small rocky bodies between Mars and Jupiter
Explanation: The asteroid belt is a region of space located between Mars and Jupiter that contains a large number of rocky bodies, ranging in size from small boulders to dwarf planets like Ceres.

Question 54

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(C) Its ability to clear its orbit of other debris
Explanation: An object is classified as a planet if it has cleared its orbit of other debris, meaning it is gravitationally dominant in its region. Dwarf planets have not cleared their orbits.

Question 55

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(A) Comets are icy, and asteroids are rocky
Explanation: Comets are composed mainly of ice, dust, and rocky material, while asteroids are primarily rocky or metallic. Comets develop tails when they approach the Sun, whereas asteroids do not.

Question 56

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(B) The boundary where the Sun's solar wind is stopped by the interstellar medium
Explanation: The heliosphere is a vast region around the Sun where the solar wind extends, creating a bubble in space. The edge of this bubble, where the solar wind meets the interstellar medium, is known as the heliopause.

Question 57

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(C) The four largest moons of Jupiter
Explanation: The Galilean moons are the four largest moons of Jupiter—Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. They were discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610 and are some of the largest moons in the solar system.

Question 58

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(B) A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon blocks the Sun, and a lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the Moon
Explanation: A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, blocking the Sun's light. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, casting a shadow on the Moon.

Question 59

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(D) Jupitar is a terrestrial planet, and Mars is a jovian planet
Explanation: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are terrestrial planets. Jupitar, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are jovian planets.

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